Green Options » genes

Micro-Organisms Can “Predict” Enviro Changes, Proving Basic Assumptions Wrong

Michael Ricciardi — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 19:15:58 +0000

Scanning electron micrograph of Escherichia coli

Using two different model organisms–the E. coli bacterium and the single-celled yeast–scientist have begun unraveling a puzzling behavior of many micro-organisms: the ability to “predict” a change in environmental conditions.

It has been assumed for most of the history of micro-biological science that such micro-organisms are purely “reflexive”; they simply respond and adapt to external stimuli (such as exposure to chemicals, heat stress, or drugs). But research over he past 2 years by two different scientific teams (a Princeton team lead by Saeed Tavazoie, and, a team from the Weizmann Institute in Israel) is shaking up present understanding and over-turning basic assumptions.

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Global Wheat Crop Threatened by Rust Fungus - African Seeds May Offer Hope

Michael Ricciardi — Mon, 20 Jul 2009 18:45:40 +0000

You may not have heard of Ug99 yet, but, if its rapid spread continues unchecked, chances are you will not only be hearing about it, but you’ll be paying for it too. That’s because this fast-spreading strain of the fungus that causes stem rust–a seemingly unstoppable plant disease–and is now spreading around the globe and threatening to devastate the world’s wheat harvest.

One hopeful remedy may in fact lay in certain native, durum wheat species (”landraces”) found only in certain African nations–in particular, Ethiopia–which are believed to possess “slow rusting” genes. These native durum wheats are stronger (durum is Latin for “hard”) than7 other strains and originally evolved under much different environmental conditions than European and Western Hemisphere varieties. These durum landraces have most likely evolved slight gene variations as a result. These variations in gene sequences (and/or their expression in the wild), it is believed, can confer survival advantages to the plants when transplanted in a different locale.

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Permanent Genetic Changes Caused by Poor Nutrition in the Womb

Derek Markham — Mon, 13 Apr 2009 23:36:27 +0000

Scientists at the University of Utah report that the genes of offspring are modified in the womb as a result of the mother’s diet, emphasizing that what the mother eats (or doesn’t eat) influences the health of the child throughout its life.

“The new ‘epigenetics’ has taught us how nature is changed by nurture. The jury’s in and, yes, expectant moms really are eating for two. This study shows not only that we need to address problems such as preeclampsia during pregnancy, but also that prenatal care is far more important than anyone could have imagined a decade ago.” - Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of FASEB Journal

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Diesel-Producing Grass? Researcher Thinks it’s Possible

Nick Chambers — Tue, 05 Aug 2008 15:21:26 +0000

Imagine a grass crop, grown on marginal, non-food bearing land without pesticides or much fertilizer, that, when harvested, produces an oil that needs almost no processing to be substituted for diesel fuel.

Much attention has been given to producing ethanol from non-food crops like grasses, but the ability to produce something indistinguishable to diesel from grass could be a game-changer. It would require almost no infrastructure change and could fuel all of the existing long-haul trucks on the road without modification.

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