GO and ENN news articles have reported on Ecuador’s high-minded decision to leave its largest oil reserve untapped. The unexploited oil fields lie in Yasuni National Park, home to at least two indigenous tribes. Drilling them would add a pretty penny to the country’s purse. However, under the YasunÌ-ITT Initiative, President Rafael Correa has vowed to leave the oil in the ground. The initiative also sets the lofty goals of developing greater renewable energy, building greater mass transit, and stimulating eco-tourism.

How can the average person reading this article encourage Ecuador to do the right thing by the Earth and its indigenous people? Is it enough to say "good job, well done?" With the rest of the world fumbling to look busy over addressing climate change, it is our opportunity and perhaps our obligation to stand up and support Ecuador for its brave move.

Ecuador hopes to receive some compensation from other governments for the unexploited oil due to the benign effect on the global climate of leaving it in the ground. But for the average person in a country that exports 420,600 barrels of oil a day, President Correa’s decision may seem like a risky one. Ecuador’s official unemployment is 10.6% and an estimated 47% are underemployed, estimates the CIA World Factbook.

41 year-old Maritza Salazar owns a stationary store in Guayaquil, Ecuador’s largest city. She is one of a long list of Ecuadoran entrepreneurs requesting a loan through the micro-financing organization, Kiva.org. For vendors like Mrs. Salazar, national oil revenues may be less important if she’s able to fund the growth of her non-oil-dependent business. By funding businesses like Mrs. Salazar’s, the average person from anywhere in the world can make substantive progress in alleviating Ecuador’s dependence on oil and encouraging its transition into one of the world’s leading environmentally friendly nations.

Another green option that may appeal to the lover of travel is to visit Ecuador and make use of its rich eco-tourism opportunities. Tourism is the Ecuador’s fourth most valuable source of revenue. Eco-tourism is a great way to get the memorable experiences that tourists often look for when traveling to Ecuador, including visiting indigenous tribes, experiencing local customs and tasting regional foods, horseback riding, animal-watching, and setting out on guided hikes through the unbelievably beautiful scenery of virgin rainforest. Take this opportune moment to visit the land that eco-tourism company, Global Exchange, calls "a bastion of cultural and biological diversity… home to one of the most successful and peaceful indigenous movements in the Americas." See the list of resources below for some ways to take advantage of Ecuador’s eco-tourism industry.

The decision not to drill in Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park will benefit the entire world, by protecting an ecological heritage and indigenous lands as well as effectively preventing 436 million tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. Ecuador must know that its decision was a good one, and here’s where you and I have the opportunity to step in. As usual, if you have other ideas about how to encourage Ecuador’s exciting, ecologically minded move, please leave them here below in the comment and discussion area.

Resources:

Kiva.org

Ecuador | Iloveecotourism.com

Adventure Ecotourism in Ecuador | Piedra Blanca

Ecuador | Global Exchange

Department of Tourism | Ecuador National Website

Ecuador Adventures | OARS

Ecotourism and Ecuador | Ecuador Tierra Viva Travel Company

Rio Muchacho Organic Farm | Guacamayo Tours

Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands | Lonely Planet

References:

Ecuador to Leave Oil – And Revenue – In the Ground | GO

Gutsy Ecuador proposes to put a lid on oil | Environmental News Network (ENN)

Introduction to Ecuador’s Economy | Ecuador Ministry of Tourism

Ecuador | The United States Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook

A report released Wednesday from the World Conservation Union (IUCN) predicts an 80% population decline of the most common type of gorilla, the Western Gorilla, from 1980 levels by 2046. The 2007 Red List of Threatened Species finds "commercial hunting and outbreaks of the Ebola virus have virtually extirpated gorillas from a great deal of otherwise intact forest" where they were previously thought to thrive.

"What’s immediately needed if we are to halt the decimation of the western gorilla is nothing short of a massive global response," said Richard Parnell, of the Wildlife Conservation Society. This author agrees. The following list is a response to the immediate need for action to prevent the extinction of gorillas and other threatened primate species—our closest relatives on Earth.

Here are seven unusual ways to prevent the extinction of gorillas. These approaches are also designed to introduce you to some of the complex causes and issues surrounding the threat that gorillas face from our species. This blog benefits from an exceptionally intelligent and motivated readership; if you have other ideas, please contribute them by posting comments below this article.

1. Don’t Buy Bushmeat!

If you know someone who lives in or travels to Africa, make sure he or she knows not to buy bushmeat. Bushmeat is a term for meat from any wild animal killed by hunters and sold as food. It’s popular in many African restaurants and markets. While not all bushmeat is illegally poached, buying bushmeat supports a demand for any and all forms of bushmeat. This drives poachers to shoot elephants, gorillas, chimpanzees and other primates, forest antelopes, and other animals in the hopes that they can sell the meat for commercial profit. As the IUCN’s report concludes, supporting the bushmeat trade makes a person directly responsible for the endangerment of Western Gorillas, among other primates.

Douglas Williamson, a wildlife expert at the U.N. further explains, "along with habitat loss, the commercial bushmeat trade is probably the biggest threat to wildlife in Africa."

2. Do Buy Other African Goods

The problem of poaching is enflamed by the desire of impoverished people to make money quickly. Let’s face it: entering a national park patrolled by armed guards to illegally poach and butcher endangered animals probably isn’t anybody’s ideal of making a living. Supporting businesses, local crafts, and economic development through commerce helps sustain local populations. This decreases the incentives to illegally hunt primates.

If you can find a good microinvesting organization that offers investment opportunities in African countries, please post it in the discussion below. Kiva.org is one valuable microinvesting organization, but selections for investment in Africa are slim to none. (Editor’s note: GO’s sister site Planetsave raises funds for Kiva.org.)

"We need money," says Democratic Republic of the Congo environment minister Henri Dojombo. "It is poverty in the first place that leads to poaching."

3. Have a ‘Save Gorillas’ Fundraiser Movie Night

Gather friends, family, neighbors, and community members in a park or at your home for a showing of your favorite gorilla movie. Watch Mountain Gorilla, Gorillas In The Mist, or even King Kong. Have everyone there donate $10+ (the price of going to the movies), and donate the pooled money to a conservation organization that works to protect gorillas. For example, you could adopt a gorilla with the World Wildlife Fund, the African Wildlife Fund, or the Diane Fossey Fund.

Come up with other fun ways to raise money to adopt a gorilla. You can do it with your school classroom, as a gift for someone, or even on your own, or as a gift to yourself.

4. Volunteer in Africa

Yup, that’s right. Travelers in Africa rarely have anything but praise for the amazing people they meet and the incredible land they come to understand better. It’s literally the chance of a lifetime, and most people don’t realize how easy it is.

To volunteer in ways that will benefit Western Gorillas, you’ll want to be in Angola, Cameroon, The Central African Republic, The Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, or Nigeria.

Look for programs and opportunities online, including at the following websites:

• Volunteer Abroad
• The Peace Corps
• World Volunteer Web: Countries
• Universal Giving: International Volunteer Opportunities
• Volunteer for Prosperity: Africa

You can also try contacting other organizations, like the Cameroon Environmental Watch (to translate emails into or from French, a good online resource is Altavista’s Babelfish), to learn how you can help.

5. Donate to Heifer International

Send cows to help gorillas? More or less… the folks at Heifer International have programs in Cameroon, which is home to the Western Gorilla. Donations help the organization train local farmers in better, more sustainable farming methods. The domestic animals they provide empower local people with a source of income and food, like milk and eggs. For gorilla populations to be saved from the relentless assaults from illegal hunting, local human populations must be given a viable method of survival that allows them to live without depending on poaching as a source of income. Donating to Heifer International helps to accomplish this feat. You can read more on their website.

It’s true that encroaching farmland also threatens to gorilla populations through deforestation and habitat destruction. However, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society, "the most immediate threat to western gorillas is not habitat destruction as previously believed, but poaching and lack of law enforcement." This assertion is echoed in Wednesday’s IUCN report. Therefore, at least at the moment, helping local people with any form of industry which stems the perceived need to massacre gorillas for income is an important step in the race to prevent the extinction of gorillas.

6. Push Timber Companies to Follow the Law

The bushmeat trade is made possible in part by a lack of oversight and enforcement of the law in the timber industry. European and African loggers penetrate Central African forests, which are home to the remaining gorilla populations. The logging industry in Africa still lacks regulation from the companies who purchase the lumber. Loggers therefore are often tempted to make extra money by poaching adult gorillas and chimpanzees to sell on the commercial bushmeat market, and by capturing the young for sale as exotic pets.

European timber companies, like Belgian Decolvenaere, buy tropical lumber from African forests. Many African timber companies are members of the InterAfrican Forest Industries Association (IFIA), as well as the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). While both of these organizations recognize the severity of the bushmeat problem and its ties to logging, they need average citizens to contact them by the thousands to encourage greater regulation and monitoring of loggers. Always be polite and courteous when contacting companies and organizations with important issues such as these.

You can contact the Japan-based ITTO by email at itto@itto.or.jp, by phone at 81-45-223-1110, by fax at +81-45-223-1111, or by mail at

International Tropical Timber Organization
International Organizations Center, 5th Floor
Pacifico-Yokohama 1-1-1, Minato-Mirai,
Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0012 Japan

You can contact the France-based IFIA by email at ifia@wanadoo.fr, by phone at 33 1 43 42 42 00, by fax at 33 1 43 42 55 22, or by mail at

InterAfrican Forest Industries Association (IFIA)
6, avenue de Saint Mandé
75012 Paris, France

You can contact Decolvenaere logging company through their web site’s contact form. According to Greenpeace, "despite several requests, the Belgian importer Decolvenaere has shown no interest at all to purchase FSC-certified timber." You can contact them and ask them to adhere to Forest Steward Council (FSC) guidelines on sustainable forestry. Also, ask that they better monitor logging operations to ensure that loggers do not poach, and that they not purchase lumber from third parties whose practices they cannot vouch for.

7. Spread the Word!

Make sure to tell a friend—or 500!—about the need to take immediate action to protect gorillas from impending extinction. Have them contribute ideas about ways to take action, raise funds together to donate to conservation organizations that work to protect gorillas, or simply spread information about gorillas, their lifestyles, their habitat, and their current plight for survival.

References on Bushmeat:

Bushmeat Crisis Task Force | bushmeat.org

The Bushmeat Project | bushmeat.net

Bushmeat–A Resource at Risk | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Bushmeat | The Humane Society of the United States

The Growing Problem of Bushmeat Consumption | Jeffry M. Burnam, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment; Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs

‘Save Our Apes’ DRC Funding Plea | Africa from Allbusiness.com

References on African Logging:

Homepage | International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)

English Homepage | InterAfrican Forest Industries Association (IFIA)

Africa Resources | Greenpeace

Company Homepage | Decolvenaere

What is Certification? | The Forest Stewardship Council (FSA)

References on Gorillas:

Homepage | The World Conservation Union (IUCN)

2007 Redlist of Threatened Species | IUCN

Gorillas Now ‘Critically Endangered’ | Discovery Channel News

Want to Save Gorillas? Enforce Laws | Wildlife Conservation Society

Resources on Volunteering and Donating:

Home | Volunteer Abroad

Home | Peace Corps

Country List | World Volunteer Web

Find A Vounteer Opportunity | International Volunteer Opportunities

Global Map, Africa | Volunteers For Prosperity

Home | Heifer International

Home | Kiva.org

Gorillas | World Wildlife Fund

Adopt A Gorilla | African Wildlife Society

Adopt A Gorilla… Save A Species | The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International

Photo Source:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/arro08/131759180/

When was the last time we saw so many major companies make a mad dash to become more "eco-friendly"? From oil companies to banks, "green" is becoming pretty hot these days. And it's not just another "consumer trend" either…the financial sector is paying close attention too. "Going Green" is not just about changing your lightbulbs anymore; it's something that has managed to trickle over to the financial market, attracting major investment dollars as well some of the world's most sophisticated investors.

It seems that energy saving alternatives for just about everything are springing up these days. There's always a more 'eco-friendly' version of this, an organic version of that, for nearly every consumer product known to man. So, what about investing? Is there a way to make your investment dollars….greener?

There are plenty of ways for the average investor to start greening their nest-egg now, in a rather more profitable & secure way you might think.

So, where to start? Depending on your investment objectives, you'll probably want to have a little chat with your financial advisor first. If you don't have one already, and investment bankers creep you out, you can find someone that suits your style at SocialFunds.com.

Green Banking

When it comes to choosing the right bank, there are tons of options. All of them are scrambling to offset their emissions and throwing money at climate change, so which are bluffing? Which ones have a widest range of investment tools and financial products? If you're looking for an eco-friendly 'one stop shop' (banking, advising, investing, etc.) you might want to look into the following:

• HSBC - Committed $90 billion to environmental initiatives. HSBC will also help you green your accounts, go paperless for everything, give discounts on eco-friendly products. Bonus: If you pay 3 bills online, they'll even give you a free "Green Kit"!
• Citibank - Just committed $50 billion to fight climate change; $30 billion of that is specifically for financing investments in geothermal, solar, wind and other renewable energy projects and technologies (guess they had to try and top Bank of America)
• Bank of America - Committed $20 Billion to make green loans to "eco-preneurs" with environmentally friendly/sustainable businesses and finance environmental projects around the world. They also recently unveiled plans for a new online carbon trading program. Bonus: Employees get a $3,000 incentive towards the purchase of a new hybrid

I'll give Wells Fargo an honorable mention. This bank has topped it's fair share of 'Eco-Friendly Lists' lately, seeing as 40% of the company runs on renewable energy. As far as services & products for consumers, there is no doubt that Wells Fargo is competitive, however, they like to play hard-ball with fees.

Need Solar Financing?

Besides Bank of America and Citibank briefly touching on this topic, here a few other smaller green lenders that will help you go solar:

• Wainwright Bank -Some green banks will give you loans to slap solar panels on your house at low rates (which helps you save some green for the future)

• New Resource Bank - Get solar just by paying your monthly utility bill

Greener Returns

If you're not skilled trader, odds are you're probably leaning towards a broader, more diversified group of investments. For many American's, this means stocks. Yet again, prepare to be overwhelmed with choices. The most typical, and easiest way to get started, are usually index funds, mutual funds, and exchange traded funds (EFTs). Before you dive in head first and throw money into an investment vehicle, make sure you have a nice, long chat with your financial advisor first. If you don't already have one, you can find one at SocialFunds.com

Just how profitable is this new wave of socially conscious investing? Well, according to an article found in Newsweek, the returns have proved to be rather hefty:

"Wall Street's own change in climate is nothing less than astonishing. "Save-the-planet" investing has suddenly, well, heated up. Four major investment banks - Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers and UBS - have recently issued fat global-warming reports looking at stocks and industries likely to gain or lose. Investments in clean energy have more than doubled, to $70.9 billion worldwide, in just three years. In just six years, assets in U.S. "green" mutual funds have soared by 695 percent."
Read more: Newsweek

Determining Investment Objectives

Are you looking for something high growth? Or do you prefer security & risk management with a smaller, more conservative return? Small-cap or large-cap? Do you want fund that is entirely "green" or one that just focuses on alternative energy? Do you just want to avoid investing in cigarettes and alcohol, or do you want stocks that are environmentally sustainable and produce 'fair trade' products? The list of criteria you can apply are endless…Need something to narrow your search? Try the Social Investment Forum.

There's a great research firm called Innovest Strategic Value Advisors. They're an independent third party that just objectively analyzes and ranks companies according to various eco-friendly, social criteria. They've even made a list of the top 100 Most Sustainable Companies in the World.

Environmentally Sustainable Indexes:

• Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes - Includes 300-400 companies said to represent the top 10% of leading companies committed to sustainable practices worldwide.
• ABN AMRO Climate & Environment Total Return Index
• Claymore/LGA Green (GRN) - Claymore tracks an index of 225 large stocks in all the major industries…yes, even mining and oil, but they choose only the "greenest" companies.
• KLD Indexes - Constructs indexes for investors who integrate environmental, social and governance factors into their investment decisions. KLD's indexes are designed to be transparent, representative and investable
• Next-Generation Energy (NGE) Index - Fuel cells, solar power, alternative fuels, energy storage and other supporting technologies

Social Investment Funds

• Winslow Green Investment Funds - Out-performed the S&P 500 and the Russell 2000 for 5 years in a row
• Calvert Social Investment Equity - has outperformed both the typical large-cap blend and the S&P 500)
• Vanguard Calvert Social Index - growth-orientated fund
• TIAA-CREF's Social Choice Equity - mid to large cap fund
• Domini Social Index Portfolio - oldest and largest
• Green Century Funds
• The Spectra Green Fund

I’ll admit it: I am one of those Californians that everyone loves to hate. I left the “Golden State” and am considering buying a house in another state because, as radio host Garrison Keillor might say, outside of California, “all the women are strong, the mountains are good-looking, and all the Real Estate prices are below California’s average.”

But whether you're a peregrinating Californian or any other homebuyer or seller, consider this: you can generate a huge donation to the non-profit of your choice by working through a company called HomeGift Realty. With a $300,000 home, for example, you can put aside as much as $1,312.50 for your favorite non-profit at no cost to you.

I was introduced to HomeGift Realty via Care2.com’s daily action site. The day after filling out Care2’s “Get Started Now” form, I received a phone call from a very pleasant lady with HomeGift Realty. We chatted about sustainable architecture, and since I didn’t already have a realtor with knowledge of green homes, she put me in touch with one in my area. The realtor benefits by gaining a client and in exchange she agrees to let me donate a percentage of her commission to charity. I love win-win situations.

To learn more about how to use the purchase or sale of your next home to generate funding for the non-profit of your choice, visit HomeGift Realty or Care2.com.

Another exciting green option for homebuyers comes from the increasing presence of green homes on the market. Make sure to ask your Real Estate agent about green buildings in your area. To see what makes a home green, take a look at the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System. If your house is a greener-upper, you can get tips and information on making it more environmentally friendly in the Green Home Guide as well as on HGTV's Green Home, where next year you will also be able to enter to win a fully-furnished green home. If you're not sure where to go to purchase the items you'll need to green your home, you can find a great number of them online at greenhome.com. So, with all this in mind, why not throw a house greening party?

References:

HomeGift Realty: www.homegift.com

Care2's HomeCash For Charity: via www.care2.com

Green Home Building: www.greenhomebuilding.com

The Green Home Guide: www.greenhomeguide.com

U.S. Green Building Council's LEED system: www.usgbc.org

HGTV's Green Home program: www.hgtv.com/hgtv/green_home

Green Home: www.greenhome.com

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/terretta/213584770/

While purchasing items on several months’ credit is commonplace in business making an artisan or farmer to wait several months before receiving his/her only income causes undue hardship on producers and their families. Beyond payment for goods, Fair Trade relationships are based on a long-term goal of mutual success. Fair Trade importers are therefore invested in the growth and success of their counterparts, and will frequently give small micro-loans to help with product expansion, capacity building, quality control and funding for certification.

These micro-loans can be integral to the success of small businesses, yet are hard to come by through conventional means. Typical banks shy away from loaning money to assest-less poor, and many charitable organizations are focused only on massive undertakings and will not involve themselves in small loans. Loans and financing are a business necessity that Western operations take for granted when starting up or expanding. Micro-financing has been proven to be a successful development tool. One of the pioneers of micro-financing, the Grameen Bank, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the resulting publicity has brought such micro loans and their high return rate into public awareness.

Kiva was created to help bridge the gap between people with a small amount to loan and those which need it. Kiva is a Swahili word meaning “agreement” or “unity” and their website allows you to enter into this agreement quite easily. What sets Kiva apart is that it allows average-income individuals to lend small amounts (as little as $25). Kiva is a non-profit and supported solely through additional donations, so you’re assured 100% of your loan is in the hands of the person requesting and thus far Kiva has experienced a 100% repayment rate on all business loans. The individual stories and progressive journal entries allow you to personally connect with those you wish to help.

It is through financial assistance rather than blanket charity that small businesses and this poor communities will be able to grow and thrive.

This is the fourth in a series of posts discussing the Fair Trade criteria. Also check out Fair Trade: Transparency, Fair Trade: Fair Wages and Fair Trade: Environment.