RET’s basic technology is this: they have a retrofitable hydraulic propulsion system for large vehicles that stores energy in hydraulic cylinders with compressed gas. The vehicle, such as a city bus, then uses that stored energy to give it a boost when starting up. The technology is known as RPS, or Retrofitable Propulsion System, and reduces fuel use by 25 percent and emissions by 25 percent. But before you finish mumbling about how improved fuel economy doesn’t eliminate our dependence on fossil-fuel based energy, this system can improve the fuel and emissions of vehicles using all forms of fuel including ethanol, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, propane and more.

“We like to say that the vehicle is indifferent and fuel agnostic,” said Sam Jones, President of Recaptured Energy Technologies.

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But BrightSource has been creative in finding sites for its utility-scale solar thermal plants. Here’s a new example.

They have just made a deal with Nevada housing developer Coyote Springs Land Company to site a 960 MW solar thermal plant on 12 square miles of a 43,000 acre housing development planned before the economic real estate apocalypse. Some solar was part of Coyote’s original plan for its golfing community 50 miles north of Las Vegas, but not 12 square miles of it!

Now with housing in free-fall, the expertize of housing developers comes in handy to help us meet the need for more renewable energy. Solar power developers could piggyback on the experience of housing developers with the know-how to get through red tape.

This could be how renewable power overcomes siting hurdles - and how the construction industry digs its way out of a deep recession. A marriage made in heaven.

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There are now almost 30 states with their own RPSes, which require utilities to generate more of their power from renewable sources, like wind and solar and even landfill gas. Different states have set different standards, often with percentages based on years: 15 percent by 2015, for instance. It’s more catchy that way.

Now Congress is discussing a national RPS, which would set minimum standards for all states. RPSes, also known as Renewable Electricity Standards, can drive investment in renewable technologies. They can pave the way for new investment in turbines and panels, and associated jobs that come with the pay out. Sure, renewables may cost more for now, but you probably remember that economies of scale thing from high school.

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory looks at three proposed standards in a new 30-page report (.pdf). They’re the master plans — from Senator Jeff Bingaman and Representative Edward Markey, and jointly by representatives Henry Waxman and Markey — that have risen to the top for now, being discussed in U.S. House and Senate committees.

The bottom line: The report doesn’t really choose a “best plan.” But Markey seems to get the best marks for a 25% by 2025 RES target with no energy efficiency substitutions allowed.

“The Markey RES legislation requires significantly greater renewable power deployment and the construction of new transmission infrastructure in a timely manner,” it says on pdf page 22.

Browse the report, and tell me what you think. Which of these plans is best for America? Or is there a fourth plan that was left out?

Image Credit: Divwerf via flickr under Creative Commons License

Bill would require just 15% of electricity to come from renewable sources

House Democrats negotiating a climate and energy bill have reportedly reached a compromise on a renewable energy standard (RES) as part of the American Clean Energy & Security Act that would allow those states unable to meet the requirement to make up for it with gains in energy efficiency.

The agreement would break what has been a point of contention for House negotiators for weeks. Concerned that they would be unable to meet the target of 25 percent renewables by 2025 first proposed in the Waxman-Markey draft in March, Southern Democrats balked, arguing that they didn’t have access to strong solar or wind resources the other states do and that high cost would make such a target cost prohibitive.

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Two freshmen U.S. senators—who also happen to be cousins—have introduced a bill that would create a national renewable energy standard (RES) of twenty-five percent by 2020.

The bill would initiate a federal minimum standard mandating retail energy suppliers to diversify their portfolios with the first requirement of six percent for 2012, and consistently increase thereafter until meeting the 2025 goal. The proposal dovetails with that of President Obama who has proposed a goal of doubling renewable energy within the next three years.

Twenty-eight states already have renewable generation standards with various timelines and targets and this legislation would not preempt states that have stronger standards.

On paper, the proposed RES would appear to surpass the EU enewables requirement of twenty percent by 2020. But municipal and other publicly-owned power plants and rural electric co-ops would be exempted from the requirements.

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In an executive order signed on Monday, California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger committed to getting a third of California’s electricity from renewable sources by 2020. Schwarzenegger made the announcement while speaking at a solar panel factory in Sacramento. California Executive Order S-14-08 puts the state’s renewable energy requirement at 33% by 2020, securing its place as the most aggressive renewable energy mandate in the country.

The order comes Just three days after Schwarzenegger issued another unprecedented executive order to state agencies telling them to make preparations for rising sea levels caused by global warming.

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However, according to a report from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, during the first half of 2008, renewable sources made up more than 10% of all domestic energy production.

For the period January 1 - June 30, 2008, the United States consumed 50.673 quadrillion Btus (quads) of energy - of which 34.162 quads was from domestic sources and 16.511 quads was imported.

Domestically-produced renewable energy (biomass/biofuels, geothermal, hydropower, solar, wind) totaled 3.606 quads — an amount equal to 10.56% of U.S. energy consumption that is domestically-produced.

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“Indiana is on the verge of explosive growth in wind energy…. There is not one single energy issue or technology that has fostered more interest and discussion among Hoosiers. As these turbines begin sprouting on Indiana farmland there is a huge appetite for information about them, which is why we’re bringing all these people together.”

The conference has been put together partly by the Indiana Wind Working Group, among other entities. Along with the Indiana Renewable Energy Association, they are advocating what has worked to build renewables in other states: a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). RPS’s assure investment in renewable technologies by requiring that a state have a certain portion of its energy generated by renewable sources. Given the need for jobs in Indiana and the potential for wind in the state, we can expect more support for a state RPS going forward.

In southeast Michigan, the local electricity company is DTE Energy. Although it has (or had) a number of business units exploring all manner of alternative energy production, DTE has been relatively resistive to including any renewable energy in its portfolio. Despite consumer demand for green energy, DTE has no plans to construct anything, and has been very resistive to connecting alternative producers to its grid. (This is the same company that fought against connecting a wind turbine installed at a local middle school from connecting to the grid.)

Looking at the renewable energy credit (REC) program that DTE is offering, there isn’t much to it. DTE is offering now has two options for residential customers. One is a premium of 2 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) on all electricity used. The other is to buy RECs in blocks of 100 kWh for $2.50 each (2.5 cents per kWh). These are supposed to come from in-state sources, to the greatest extent possible, but DTE has argued that there aren’t many in-state sources available to them.

Michigan’s Pubic Service Commission "Opinion and Order" (PDF) regarding DTE’s program recognizes the comments and criticism about the program and how much (or how little) it will do to encourage the development of renewable energy production in the state of Michigan.

"The primary criticism of the RRP made in the comments centers on the issue of whether and how much the proposed program will encourage development of in-state or in-service-territory renewable resources. Some of the commenters are of the opinion that procuring RECs alone will not prove sufficient to support the development of in-state renewable resources. Other commenters criticize the company’s proposal because Detroit Edison’s only responsibility will be to act as a broker that buys RECs at one price and sells them at a higher price."

The order from MPSC specifically disallows DTE from providing some out-of-state RECs, and has tried to steer the program toward emphasizing in-state energy production as much as possible. A presentation on the Ann Arbor (MI) website notes that "Importing Energy Means Exporting $$$" and goes on to add that 100% of the coal, 96% of the oil, and 75% of the natural gas used in the state is imported. This amounts to an annual outflow of $18 billion from the state. And this is exactly why Michigan (and the rest of the country, too) needs to develop local, renewable energy resources.

As tepid as the DTE program may seem, it’s the only program that I’m aware of that specifically includes funding development of alternative sources of energy in the state of Michigan. On the positive side, some fraction of the proceeds of the REC program will go toward development of in-state renewable energy. And participation in the program serves to indicate consumer interest in the program and a willingness ot pay a premium for green power.

On the downside, this is a company that has demonstrated very little interest in providing green energy for its customers. I’m not sure how much of an effect my participation in the DTE program is going to have towards actual new development. If I want to buy RECs, there are lots of providers around, and many of them are probably competitive with DTE’s rates. The REC program being offered by DTE is unlikely to do much on its own to spur the development of additional in-state sources of renewable energy.

On the other hand, a renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) would mandate that a certain percentage of a utility’s power come from renewable sources. But that’s a whole further step, and something that some states have, but which the state of Michigan still lacks.

Right now, I’m not signed up with the new DTE program, and I’m not hurrying to do so. Once the portfolio of providers is available, I’ll re-evaluate. And in the meantime, I’m looking for another REC provider that supports renewable energy in-state.

A renewable portfolio standard – also called a renewable energy standard – is a measure requiring utilities to get a certain amount of their power from renewable sources by a particular time.

Last month in the Senate, Senator Jeff Bingaman’s (D-NM) RPS amendment to the energy bill was killed before a vote could be held. Although the current House version of the energy bill does not have an RPS provision, Representatives Tom Udall (D-NM) and Todd Platts (R-PA) are expected to offer an amendment requiring utilities to get 20 percent of their energy from renewables by 2020. This amendment is based on H.R. 969, which calls for an RPS and is also authored by Udall and Platts. (Make sure your Representative is one of the 120 co-sponsors here).

In her meeting with wind power supporters, Pelosi underscored the critical role an RPS would play in moving the nation towards global warming solutions.

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, a 20 percent by 2020 RPS would save consumers nearly $11 billion on energy bills by 2030 and save nearly 2 billion short tons of coal from being burned up into the atmosphere. Similarly, the American Solar Energy Society found that an RPS could help create nearly 40 million new jobs in the U.S. by 2030 in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors.

It’s Getting Hot in Here
Union of Concerned Scientists
Wind Energy Weekly

The Dow Jones Newswire reports that Congress is “likely” to pass a renewable energy standard – in this instance called a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) – in the next several months. Renewable energy requirements have stronger support on both sides of the aisle as opposed to the more controversial limits on global warming emissions. Prudential Equity Group analyst James Lucier went so far as to say, “An RPS can almost certainly be done this year… It's one of the few things investors can count on in this Congress."

Senator Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) is drawing up a bill that would require 15 percent of the country’s power to come from renewable energy by 2020. Passing an RPS is a top priority for Senate Democrats and Senate Republicans, explained a Bingaman spokesman.

The Senate has passed an RPS before, only to have it blocked in the House by Representative Joe Barton (R-TX), former Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee. The current Chairman, Representative John Dingell (D-MI) has been supportive of an RPS in the past. And with a political shift in the House and an influx of folks who see renewable energy as a serious solution to national security, economic development, global warming, and health, the legislation is much more likely to succeed. There’s already an RPS bill in the House – authored by Democrats and Republicans – requiring 20 percent renewables by 2020.

The big hurdle left is the White House. President Bush opposes a federal RPS, arguing that standards are better left to the states. But state laws are creating a nightmare of patchwork regulations in the minds of many utility execs. The newly formed U.S. Climate Action Partnership argues that federal legislation on energy policy, for example, will allow them operate much more efficiently across state lines. This is a very important issue that environmentalists, renewable energy supporters, business, and others can get behind. President Bush could continue to oppose it, but I'm optimistic that enough pressure from enough walks of life could sway him.